What to Know About HD Hyundai’s Alleged Role in Palestinian Home Demolitions

Since 2023, Amnesty International Korea has raised concerns every year during HD Hyundai’s annual general meetings about the company’s machinery being used by Israel in occupied Palestinian territories. The equipment has been heavily involved in the demolition of Palestinian homes and construction of illegal Israeli settlements and infrastructure.

According to research released on March 27th by Amnesty International Korea, the use of heavy machinery from HD Hyundai subsidiaries, such as HD Hyundai Construction Equipment and HD Hyundai Infracore, has been confirmed not only in the West Bank that includes East Jerusalem but also in the Gaza Strip, where genocide has been ongoing since October 2023.

According to a case investigation conducted by Amnesty International’s Crisis Evidence Lab for the period September 2019 to February 2025, the Israeli demolition of Palestinian structures using HD Hyundai’s machinery has resulted in at least 250 Palestinians losing their homes and being forcibly displaced. Forced displacement and home demolitions are classified as war crimes under Article 4 of the Geneva Convention, which establishes legal obligations for the protection of civilians in militarily occupied territories.

The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), approved by the UN Human Rights Council in June 2011, clearly stipulate that businesses have a responsibility to prevent and address human rights violations. According to the UNGPs, it is not enough for businesses to simply comply with the law; they must also take concrete actions to improve their impact on human rights, especially in countries where the government fails to fulfill its human rights obligations.

As a subsidiary of HD Hyundai, HD Hyundai Construction Equipment, which manufactures excavators, issued a Human Rights Management Guideline in 2022, claiming it would commit to complying with the UNGPs. The company pledged to reject any form of violation linked to its business operations and committed to “[taking] heed of infringement upon the rights of local residents.”

 

Key Tools of the Apartheid System:
Home Demolition and Forced Displacement

To understand HD Hyundai’s human rights responsibilities, it is important to recognize that the demolition of Palestinian homes plays a primary role in reinforcing the Israeli’s apartheid regime at a systematic level.

According to data from the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), from January 1 to December 31, 2024, Israeli authorities demolished 1,768 structures in the occupied Palestinian territories, including 766 homes, as well as shops, animal pens, water pipes, communication facilities, and schools. As a result, 4,265 Palestinians were forcibly displaced, and even those whose homes were not demolished were affected, with a total of 165,029 people impacted.

The demolition of homes and forced displacement facilitate the ethnic cleansing of Palestinians and the expansion of illegal Israeli settlements. This process is part of Israel’s strategy to block territorial continuity in Palestinian areas and to perpetuate its illegal occupation.

팔레스타인 영토의 변천

Transformation of Palestinian territories from the founding of Israel to the Arab-Israeli War of 1967, with red representing Jewish settlements and yellow indicating Palestinian land

Prior to the establishment of Israel in 1948, Palestinians made up 70% of the population and owned 90% of the private land in the region. At that time, Jews represented 30% of the population, and land owned by Jews and Jewish institutions accounted for only 6.5%.

However, in the process of establishing Israel in 1948, a large-scale expulsion of Palestinian natives took place, and their homes were destroyed. Around 800,000 Palestinians were expelled, and their homes and property were destroyed. Since then, Israel has continued policies that disproportionately benefit Jewish Israelis, strengthening control over their land and resources.

After the Arab-Israeli War in 1967, Israel began its military occupation of East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and Gaza Strip, building illegal Israeli settlements in these areas, violating international law. By 2023, around 300 settlements and outposts were established in the West Bank, housing approximately 465,000 Israeli settlers, while about 230,000 settlers resided in East Jerusalem.

Composition of the Palestinian population by place of residence

Composition of the Palestinian population by place of residence

Jerusalem is not considered the territory of any state under international law and was designated as an “international city” by UN Resolution 181 in 1947. However, Israel unilaterally annexed East Jerusalem in 1967, considering it part of its jurisdiction and denying its status as an occupied territory. Israeli authorities have severely restricted the development of Palestinian areas in East Jerusalem, making it virtually impossible to obtain building permits. This has forced residents to build or expand homes without permits. As a result, administrative demolition orders, and criminal penalties, including prison sentences and fines, have followed violations of building permit laws.

The West Bank is divided into Areas A, B, and C under the Oslo Accords of 1993. Area C, which makes up 60% of the West Bank and is an important region for agriculture and livestock, is currently under full Israeli military and administrative control. Palestinians are not free to build structures or develop land in this area and must comply with Israeli military decisions. Israel justifies taking Palestinian homes and land for military training or the protection of cultural heritage sites, while expanding illegal Israeli settlements and military bases.

The land left vacant by the destruction of Palestinian homes and agriculture is used for the expansion of Israeli settlements and their infrastructure. When the Second Intifada began in 2000, Israel implemented this policy in the Gaza Strip, systematically confiscating agricultural land, homes, and grazing areas.[1] Israeli authorities not only build settlements but also expand surrounding infrastructure, such as roads and water resources, developing broader areas. In the process, Palestinian homes and roads are destroyed, and land is divided by the separation wall. This results in a permanent demographic shift in the occupied territories (with a decrease in the Arab population and an increase in the Jewish population) and undermines the territorial continuity of Palestinian communities.

Collected testimonies from Palestinian residents
whose homes were destroyed by HD Hyundai machinery

The demolition of Palestinians’ homes and forced displacement seriously violate Palestinians’ rights, such as the right to housing, livelihood, water, equality, and freedom from discrimination. In particular, the Israeli government allows settlers to exploit Palestinian land and resources. Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories have priority access to Palestinian water resources, causing Palestinian villages to be forced to buy water from distant sources and store it in individual water tanks for use. In contrast, Israeli settlements operate swimming pools, lawns, and large-scale farms.

Israeli authorities have established a discriminatory urban planning and zoning system, where only 1% of land in Area C is allocated for Palestinian development, while 70% is allocated for settlements. In East Jerusalem, 35% of the land is used for settlement construction, and Palestinian construction is limited to 13%. This clearly shows that Israel is taking regulatory measures to discriminate against Palestinian residents. These policies violate international conventions on the elimination of racial discrimination and should be regarded as part of an apartheid system.

In October 2024, Amnesty International, in collaboration with the local human rights organization B’Tselem, gathered 8 testimonies from Palestinian residents who were directly affected by HD Hyundai’s machinery.

1. Fida (47): Home Demolished Due to Complex Zoning Laws

“At 5 a.m., I heard loud knocking on the door. An official from the Civil Administration told us that we had to evacuate the house immediately because it was going to be demolished. I asked if they could help move my disabled son out of the house. The official replied, “That is not our job. We only remove the furniture.” Relatives came and took my son to a neighbor’s house, but before we had even left, bulldozers began demolishing the wall around the house.”

2. Ab’d (57) : Faces Repeated Displacement

“Every day, I hear about houses being demolished, and these large bulldozers are used in the destruction. When you see such large equipment with your own eyes, fear sets in even before the demolition starts. The appearance of a bulldozer means the entire area will be destroyed.[…] Now, people know that when this equipment appears, it is an ominous sign, signaling the destruction of water tanks or other residential structures.”

3. Aweda (54): Stripped of Bedouin Heritage and Home

“Demolition is an economic disaster for Palestinians. Building a house with brick walls, panel roofs, and tiled floors, similar to urban homes, requires a lot of money. As you can see, my family now lives in a house made of wood and a zinc roof.”

4. Nael (33): Lives in a Region Divided by the Separation Wall

“Before the construction of the apartheid separation wall in 2000, Hizma and Anata were both part of Jerusalem. There was public transportation connecting these two villages to the Old City of Jerusalem. People were connected to Jerusalem in terms of economy, healthcare, and religion, and they could go to Al-Aqsa Mosque for prayers. However, due to the apartheid separation wall, life for the residents of Hizma and Anata has shifted away from Jerusalem, and now Ramallah in the West Bank has become the center for them.”

5. Osama (29): Sees His Newlywed Home Demolished Ten Days Before Wedding

“I had been planning to marry and start my family in this house once I got married, which I built three years ago to live independently and with dignity. The house, which was destroyed, had three rooms, two bathrooms, and a living room. My wedding, which was scheduled for September 20, 2024, has been indefinitely postponed due to the destruction of the house. In a situation without a job or money, I now face several years of setbacks in my life.”

6. Saher (41): Family of Six Left Homeless After Demolition

“When the demolition started, my wife, Nada, was watching from the window of my uncle’s house across the street and fainted. She couldn’t bear watching our house, which we had worked so hard to build and decorate with our children, being destroyed. My wife is currently receiving psychiatric treatment.”

7. Sohaib (33): Forced to Pay ‘Demolition Agency Fees’ to Israeli Authorities

“According to the order, our family was supposed to demolish the house ourselves, but my father and our family naturally refused to do so. If residents refuse to carry out a self-demolition order, the city charges them for the cost of the bulldozers and workers involved in the demolition. We are currently waiting for the bill to arrive so that we can pay the demolition costs to the city authorities. […] Our house was demolished, and we are completely financially drained. Now we live without our own house, paying rent. Isn’t it enough for this to stop?”

8.Yaaqoub (36): Loses Home, Barn, and even Tents in Demolition

“It took about 20 minutes for our 90-square-meter house to be destroyed. They then demolished nine other houses in the neighborhood in the same way, as well as a barn..[…] About a month later, the authority returned to the village and even seized our tents”

HD Hyundai’s Responsibility for Respecting Human Rights

In order for a company to fulfill its human rights-related responsibilities in conflict zones like the Occupied Palestinian TerritoriesOPT, it must comply with various international legal principles and standards. The important legal frameworks related to this are as follows:

  1. 1. International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law: In the Occupied Palestinian Territories, International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) are applied in tandem. IHL provides legal regulations related to military occupation in situations of armed conflict, while IHRL aims to protect basic human rights in conflict zones. When operating in this region, HD Hyundai must recognize that military conflict and occupation are ongoing, and must minimize the potential for human rights violations accordingly.
  2. UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs): The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights are the most authoritative declaration on corporate human rights responsibilities based on international human rights law. They specify that businesses have a responsibility to respect human rights and to avoid causing negative human rights impacts. Since their adoption by the UN Human Rights Council in 2011, countries have developed national action plans to implement the principles, and businesses are creating policies to integrate them throughout their operations. These principles apply even in conflict zones, where companies must establish specific policies and conduct due diligence to prevent and address potential human rights violations. While HD Hyundai may not be directly involved in activities such as house demolitions through contractual relationships, it must find ways to prevent or minimize potential human rights violations that could arise from its related business activities.
  3. OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: The OECD Guidelines are recommendations jointly issued by governments to multinational enterprises, emphasizing their responsibility to respect human rights and prevent negative impacts. Particularly when operating in conflict zones, companies are required to conduct human rights due diligence to assess the risks of human rights violations, and if they cause negative impacts, they must establish appropriate remedies to address them.

According to the OECD Guidelines, companies must adhere to the following human rights-related obligations:

  1. Companies must respect human rights, meaning they should not infringe on the rights of others and must address any human rights violations they are involved in.
  2. Companies should avoid actions that cause or contribute to human rights violations related to their activities, and if violations occur, they must resolve them.
  3. If human rights violations arise through business relationships that are directly linked to the company’s operations, products, or services, the companies should seek ways to prevent or mitigate such violations, even if it is not directly responsible.
  4. Companies must establish a policy commitment to respect human rights.
  5. Companies must conduct appropriate human rights due diligence based on the size of the company, the nature and context of its operations, and the severity of the human rights risks involved.
  6. Companies must provide or cooperate in remedying harm through appropriate procedures if they identify that they have caused or contributed to human rights violations.

Did HD Hyundai “really” do wrong?

Some may argue, “HD Hyundai only sold construction machinery; they didn’t directly contribute to house demolitions, did they?” However, the straightforward answer to this question is “Yes, HD Hyundai is at fault.” The equipment provided by HD Hyundai was used in environments far removed from ordinary business settings. Despite being fully informed of the potential risks—reinforced by multiple communication attempts from Amnesty International—no preventive measures were taken

It is rare for a legitimate company to directly commit international crimes. However, the possibility of being complicit in such crimes does exist. In fact, many of the lawsuits filed against companies in the United States are related to allegations of complicity with public or private security forces, government agencies, or armed groups involved in civil wars.[3]

According to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, a complicity issue may arise if a company is deemed to have contributed to or been complicit in human rights violations committed by other parties. Complicity includes both illegal and legal meanings. From an illegal perspective, for example, if a company benefits from another party’s human rights violations, it could be considered complicit.

To reiterate, the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) are considered illegal under international law. Operating a business in a conflict zone increases the likelihood of being linked to international human rights violations committed by military forces, security personnel, or police. Companies operating in such areas face a heightened risk of causing or contributing to severe human rights violations. Specifically, if a company is involved in activities related to demolishing homes and evicting Palestinian residents under Israeli military occupation, it could be considered complicit in war crimes or human rights violations. The legal risks in such cases are significant.

This position is strongly supported by the international community, as reflected in a resolution passed in September 2023 by the United Nations General Assembly, demanding that Israel cease its illegal occupation of Palestine. This resolution sends an unequivocal message that condemns Israel’s military occupation of Palestine as illegal. Furthermore, the UN General Assembly resolution calls on member states and their corporations to take measures to ensure they do not support or maintain Israel’s illegal occupation. This emphasizes the responsibility of companies to avoid involvement in the unlawful circumstances arising from Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories.

Therefore, HD Hyundai did not simply sell construction machinery. If a company operates in such a high-risk environment or participates in activities linked to it, it can contribute to a violation of international law, whether willfully or by negligence. Given that Israel’s illegal occupation of Palestine is internationally recognized as illegal, any actions by companies that support or enable this occupation could lead to serious legal and ethical issues.

What We Must Demand Now

Amnesty International’s demands are clear.

  • Amnesty International reminds HD Hyundai that, based on international human rights norms and standards, including the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the company is responsible for providing machinery used in the destruction of Palestinian homes. The claim that HD Hyundai did not directly trade these machines or approve their use in demolitions by Israeli authorities is an attempt to avoid responsibility.
  • Therefore, Amnesty International urges HD Hyundai to conduct human rights due diligence in line with international human rights standards, take all possible measures to avoid involvement in Israel’s war crimes, and make the results of this process publicly transparent.
  • Until these actions are taken, Amnesty International calls for an immediate halt to the sale and distribution of machinery produced by HD Hyundai subsidiaries, including Hyundai Construction Equipment (with Hyundai-branded machinery) and Hyundai Infracore (Develon, formerly Doosan-branded equipment), through all channels, including Israeli official dealers.

온라인액션
HD Hyundai must stop complicity in illegal demolitions in the Occupied Palestine territories
종료된 액션입니다.
26 명이 함께 참여하였습니다.
진행 중인 온라인 액션 참여하기

1. https://www.btselem.org/razing

2. This village is cut off from Jerusalem to the west by Israel’s separation barrier and from the West Bank to the east by settlements, Editor’s note.

3. UN Human Rights Council, A/HRC/4/35, para. 30.

중국은 북한 주민에 대한 강제북송을 멈춰라
온라인액션 참여하기
세상의 부당함에 맞서 싸웁니다
후원하기
×